ORAL MORPHINE CONVERSION FROM INTRAVENOUSTHERAPY: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND PERSONALIZEDDOSING STRATEGIES

Abstract

Morphine continues to serve as the primary opioid medicine that doctors use to treat both moderate and severe pain during acute medical situations and throughout ongoing medical treatment. Doctors use intravenous (IV) treatment to deliver fast pain relief, but permanent IV treatments become difficult to manage because of their high expenses and the need for patients to remain in one place and receive hospital treatment. The medical team requires immediate IV to oral morphine conversion because it enables continuous pain relief and allows patients to receive home treatment while enhancing their overall health. The narrative review compiles research about IV to oral morphine conversion, which focuses on the basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, conversion ratio guidelines, and safety measures for individual patients. The researchers performed a complete literature search through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find articles that used keywords about morphine conversion and opioid analgesia and dose equivalence that were published from 2010 to 2025. The research included clinical trials together with observational studies and international guidelines that studied adult populations. The research findings establish an intravenous-to-oral morphine conversion ratio that approximates 1:3 because morphine exhibits limited oral bioavailability, which ranges between 30 and 40 percent. Healthcare professionals must create customized dose plans that use age, kidney function, liver function, opioid resistance, and existing health conditions to decrease the risk of respiratory depression and sedation, nausea, and constipation. The new methods, which use pharmacogenomic-based dosing and digital clinical decision-support tools, demonstrate potential to enhance conversion accuracy. The combination of evidence-based IV-to-oral morphine conversion and patient-specific evaluations enables healthcare professionals to provide secure and successful pain relief solutions that maintain continuous patient care while decreasing hospital needs and improving patient compliance