INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE STUDIES
PARENTAL CONFLICT PREDICTING TRAUMATICBEHAVIOURS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS INESAN LAND OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA
This study explored parental conflict predicting traumatic behaviours among primary school pupils in Esan Land of Edo State, Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study. This study adopted the descriptive research design. The total study participants were 498 which comprises of 104 community members and 104 primary school pupils while the study also sampled 290 primary school teachers which were drawn from a total of 2,041 teachers in 227 Public Primary School in the study area. The study instrument was a questionnaire titled: Parental Conflict Predicting Traumatic Behaviours among Primary School Pupils Questionnaire (PCPTBPSPQ) was used. Data collected were analyzed. The findings revealed that parental conflict predict traumatic behaviours among primary school pupils. The study showed that teachers and primary school pupils have positive perceptions on the effects of parental conflict among Primary School Pupils. It was also revealed in this study that community members have positive perceptions on their role in minimizing the effects of parental conflict among Primary School Pupils in Esan Land of Edo State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made; that parents should have a clear perception on how their way of living at home with the children is in no small measure affect the emotional, intellectual, social and psychological functioning of their children both in and outside home especially in the classroom activities; pupils should feel-free to relate their traumatic incidents at home with his/her class teacher, school psychologists and counsellors for early therapy; teachers, school psychologists and counsellors should plan appropriate preventive psychological strategies against those factors that predict traumatic behaviours among primary school pupils especially the destructive parental conflict; community leaders, clergies should always participate in accelerating the restoration of peace and harmony to a conflicting family and a good community member should always contribute to the restoration of peace and harmony of a conflict home by encouraging, supporting and praying for them.
Parent, Conflict, Traumatic Behaviours, Primary School Pupils, Esan Land
Copyright (c) 2026 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE STUDIES
CYBER SECURITY THREATS AND THE SUSTAINABILITY OFSMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN RIVERS STATE
This study examined the effect of cyber security threats on the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Rivers State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive survey design, a total of 295 respondents were sampled across selected SMEs using stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered both electronically and physically, focusing on operational performance, financial stability, and longterm business continuity. The study utilised descriptive statistics and simple linear regression to analyse the data. Findings revealed that cyber security threats significantly influence SME sustainability, with regression analysis indicating that 50.7% of the variance in sustainability was attributable to cyber risks (r = 0.712, R² = 0.507, F = 373.21, p < 0.05). Operational performance was significantly affected, with 42.8% of variability explained by cyber threats (r = 0.654, R² = 0.428, F = 258.12, p < 0.05), highlighting downtime, workflow disruption, and reduced productivity. Similarly, financial stability and continuity were notably compromised, as evidenced by r = 0.689, R² = 0.475, F = 317.05, p < 0.05, indicating increased costs, revenue loss, and delayed recovery from cyber incidents. Descriptive analysis revealed that cyber security threats significantly affected SME sustainability, explaining 50.7% of the variance in overall sustainability, 42.8% of the variance in operational performance, and 47.5% of the variance in financial stability and continuity. Frequencies and percentages indicated that respondents strongly agreed that cyber threats reduced business growth, disrupted operations, compromised customer trust, and increased operational costs. The study concluded that cyber security threats are major impediments to SME sustainability in Rivers State, with substantial impacts on operational efficiency, financial stability, and business continuity. Based on these findings, recommendations were made for SME owners, government agencies, educational institutions, and financial organisations to strengthen cybersecurity policies, awareness, and infrastructure. The study contributes to understanding the critical link between cyber threats and SME sustainability, emphasising the need for proactive strategies to safeguard small businesses in increasingly digital environments
Cyber Security Threats, Small and Medium Enterprises, Sustainability, Operational Performance, Financial Stability, Business Continuity, Rivers State
THE IMPACT OF AI-DRIVEN MARKETINGSTRATEGIES ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE ANDGROWTH IN NIGERIA
This study investigates the impact of AI-driven marketing strategies on business performance and growth in Nigeria. Employing a survey research design, data were collected from 200 small, medium, and large enterprises across various sectors, including retail, e-commerce, finance, and telecommunications. A stratified random sampling technique ensured representation across different business sizes. The structured questionnaire, distributed online via Google Forms, WhatsApp, and emails, was validated through pre-testing and achieved a reliability score of 0.78. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while inferential statistics, including regression analysis, tested the hypotheses. Findings reveal that AI-driven content creation, optimization, customer segmentation, personalization, predictive analytics, and dynamic pricing strategies significantly enhance business performance and growth. The results indicate that AI technologies improve marketing efficiency, customer engagement, and operational effectiveness. This study highlights the transformative potential of AI in Nigerian businesses and provides valuable insights for leveraging AI to achieve competitive advantage. The research underscores the importance of integrating AI strategies for sustainable growth and offers practical recommendations for businesses aiming to capitalize on technological advancements in marketing.
AI Marketing Strategies, Business Performance, Economic Growth, and Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2025 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE STUDIES
ASSESSMENT OF EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH EAST GEOPOLITICAL ZONE OF NIGERIA
This study investigates the effects of the external business environment on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the South East Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods approach, data is collected from 300 SME owners through structured surveys and semi-structured interviews. The research examines the influence of various external factors, including economic conditions, political stability, technological adoption, social and cultural dynamics, and regulatory challenges, on SME performance metrics such as profitability, growth, and sustainability. The findings reveal significant relationships between these external factors and SME performance. Economic factors, particularly inflation and access to financing, emerge as critical determinants of success. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of a stable political environment and supportive government policies in fostering a conducive atmosphere for SMEs. Technological adoption is shown to enhance competitiveness, while social and cultural factors play a vital role in shaping entrepreneurial attitudes. Conversely, regulatory challenges negatively impact SME performance, underscoring the need for reforms to simplify compliance processes. Based on these findings, the study recommends strategies to improve access to finance, foster political stability, promote technology adoption, cultivate a supportive cultural environment, and simplify regulatory frameworks. These recommendations aim to create a more enabling environment for SMEs, ultimately contributing to economic growth and development in the region. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, business leaders, and stakeholders seeking to enhance the performance and sustainability of SMEs in Nigeria.
SMEs External Business Environment; Economic Development; Performance
TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN TEACHING AND LEARNING FOR FUTUREDEVELOPMENT OF VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
This paper highlights the potential of technology-driven in teaching and learning for future development of Vocational and Technical Education. It explicitly discuss technological integration and innovation in advancing Vocational and Technical Education. We discuss how emerging technologies can enhance teaching and learning experiences. We underscore challenges and opportunities in integrating technology into educational practices through an overview of current trends and practices. A balanced approach emphasizing technological integration and pedagogical innovation is essential for preparing students to succeed in an increasingly demanding world. Thus, this paper highlights the importance of fostering a learning environment that prioritizes learner-centered approaches and encourages educators to innovate by utilizing the power of technology to create meaningful educational experiences in Vocational and Technical Education
Technology, Education, Technology Driven Education
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITYPATTERNS OF MICROORGANISMS PRESENT IN SORETHROAT INFECTIONS
Sore throat infections are a common health concern worldwide, and their management is often complicated by the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of microorganisms responsible for sore throat infections in Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 450 patients with clinically diagnosed sore throat infections were enrolled in the study. Throat swabs were collected and cultured to isolate bacterial pathogens. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method, and clinical characteristics of the patients were also recorded. The results revealed that Group A Streptococcus (GAS) was the most prevalent bacterial pathogen, accounting for 24.4% of isolates, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.9%), Haemophilus influenzae (11.1%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (7.8%). Notably, Group A Streptococcus showed 100% susceptibility to Penicillin, while moderate resistance was observed to Erythromycin (10%). Resistance to Penicillin was higher in Haemophilus influenzae (60%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (100%), while Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibited resistance to Penicillin in 15% of cases. Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin-Clavulanate were highly effective against the majority of isolates, showing susceptibility rates of over 90%. A significant association was observed between bacterial infections and clinical symptoms such as fever and difficulty swallowing, which were more common in patients infected with Group A Streptococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In contrast, viral infections were characterized by milder symptoms and less frequent fever. The study concluded that antimicrobial resistance, particularly to commonly used antibiotics such as Penicillin, Erythromycin, and Cephalosporins, is a growing concern in the management of sore throat infections in Delta State, Nigeria. The study recommends the implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs, improvement in diagnostic capacity, regular antimicrobial resistance surveillance, and public health awareness campaigns to combat the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, further research is needed to track changes in resistance patterns over time and to explore alternative treatment options for managing sore throat infections.
Assessment, Antimicrobial, Susceptibility, Patterns, Microorganisms, Present, Sore Throat, Infections
EFFECT OF HYBRID WOOD FINISHING AND PRESERVATION ONTHE APPEARANCE AND DURABILITY OF LECTURE THEATREFURNITURE IN BENUE STATE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
The study investigated the effect of hybrid wood finishing and preservation on the appearance and durability of lecture theatre furniture in Benue State Tertiary Institutions. Three specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study and three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significant. The employed a mixed-methods approach, combining laboratory tests and user surveys to evaluate the performance of hybrid treatments compared to conventional methods. The population of the study comprises 50,000 students and 60 facilities managers. The sample size of 240 pieces of lecture theatre furniture, 240 students and 60 facility managers was composed using proportionate stratified random sampling. The instruments used for data collection were Wood Finishing & Preservation Treatments Assessment Instrument (WFPTAI) and Users’ perception assessment on effect of Wood Finishing & Preservation Treatments Instrument (UPAEWPTI). The instruments were validated by experts and reliability was established using overall Chronbach Alpha coefficient for UPAEWPTI was 0.829 and that of WFPTAI was 0.918 were obtained. The direct delivery and retrieval method was employed in the administration of the instrument by the researcher and three research assistants. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics of Means and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used in testing the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significant. Findings of the study revealed that, hybrid treatments significantly improved the appearance, surface retention, and durability of lecture theatre furniture. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in user satisfaction levels between hybrid-treated and conventionally treated furniture. The study concludes that hybrid wood finishing and preservation treatments offer a superior solution for enhancing the appearance and durability of lecture theatre furniture in tropical environments. Recommendations are made for the adoption of hybrid treatments and further research on optimizing application methods and exploring long-term performance.
Effect, Hybrid Wood Finishing, Preservation, Appearance, Durability Lecture Theatre Furniture
GREEN ICT: A COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK FORENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE
The rapid digitization of global economies has generated an unintended environmental consequence: the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector now contributes an estimated 1.5% to 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, a figure comparable to the aviation industry. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for Green ICT that addresses environmental sustainability across the entire digital ecosystem. Drawing on foundational models and contemporary case studies, the proposed framework integrates four vertical pillars—Lifecycle Management, End-User IT, Enterprise and Data Centre Infrastructure, and IT as a Low-Carbon Enabler—with five horizontal action dimensions: Attitude, Policies, Practices, Technologies, and Metrics. The framework incorporates recent advances in renewable energy procurement, AI-driven optimization, circular economy principles, and standardization efforts. Through analysis of industry implementations and emerging regulatory landscapes, this paper demonstrates that environmental sustainability and technological advancement are not mutually exclusive but can be synergistically achieved through systematic measurement, strategic planning, and cross-sector collaboration
Green ICT, environmental sustainability, carbon neutrality, data centre efficiency, circular economy, green computing framework, ICT emissions, sustainable digital transformation
CULTURAL MEMORY AND HISTORICAL NEWS IN GEORGIA: ANANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL AND PHILOLOGICAL RESEARCH
The article was dedicated to the relationship between cultural memory and historical news of Georgia, in an interdisciplinary prism. The research combines historical and philological methods, and archives, chronicles and literary texts of the 18th-20th centuries became the subject of analysis. Attention is focused on the content, language and thematic aspects of the texts that shape the perception of national identity and collective memory. The results show that the unity of historical and philological approaches provides a more complete view of cultural memory, confirming how text analysis helps to preserve historical awareness. The study is important for the study of the historical and cultural heritage of Georgia and provides a basis for other post-Soviet cultural memory studies.
Georgia, Cultural Memory, Historical News, Philology, Interdisciplinary Research
MEDIA FRAMING AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF PRESIDENTDONALD TRUMP’S “COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN”STATEMENT ON NIGERIA
This study investigates media framing and public perception of President Donald Trump’s statement on Nigeria, particularly in relation to the “Country of Particular Concern” designation. The research adopts a qualitative methodological approach, drawing primarily on content analysis of selected international and Nigerian media reports, official policy documents, and scholarly literature on media framing, public perception, and international political communication. Media texts were purposively selected to reflect diverse geopolitical perspectives and subjected to thematic analysis to identify dominant frames across economic, investment, religious, tourism, and sovereignty dimensions. In addition, the study employs interpretive analysis to examine how these media frames intersect with public perception as reflected in elite commentary, public discourse, and existing empirical studies. Framing theory and public perception theory provide the analytical framework, enabling systematic examination of how political rhetoric is constructed, circulated, and interpreted. The methodological emphasis on contextual and comparative analysis allows for deeper understanding of how global political statements are domesticated within national media systems. The findings reveal that media framing significantly influenced public interpretation of Trump’s statement, amplifying its symbolic and reputational effects beyond formal policy implications. The study concludes that responsible media practices and context-sensitive political communication are essential for sustaining constructive international relations
Media framing; Public perception; Country of Particular Concern; Political communication; and Nigeria
GREEN BUSINESS MODELS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVES OFBAKERY BUSINESSES IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA
Entrepreneurial initiatives increasingly influence the adoption of green business models, promoting environmental sustainability and innovation among small and medium-sized enterprises. This study examined how entrepreneurial initiatives foster green business models in bakery businesses in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, focusing on creativity, risk-taking, and research and development (R&D) activities. The study specifically aimed to determine the relationship between green business models and (i) creativity, (ii) risk-taking, and (iii) R&D activities among bakery businesses. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population consisted of 180 registered bakery businesses within Port Harcourt, from which a sample of 123 respondents was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) formula. Data were collected using the structured Entrepreneurial Initiatives and Green Business Models Questionnaire (EIGBMQ), validated by experts and tested for reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.82). Questionnaires were administered directly, yielding 117 usable responses (95.1% response rate). Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation were employed to analyze data and test hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. The results revealed significant positive relationships between green business models and creativity (r = 0.68), risk-taking (r = 0.62), and R&D activities (r = 0.71). These findings suggest that adopting green business practices enhances innovative capabilities, encourages calculated risk-taking, and stimulates continuous research and development in bakery businesses. The study concluded that green business models serve as strategic tools for improving entrepreneurial performance and sustainability.
Green business models, Entrepreneurial initiatives, Creativity, Risk-taking, Research and development, Bakery businesses, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
IMPERATIVES OF MACHINE MOULDING BLOCK RELIABILITY ANDRESPONSIVENESS ON CUSTOMER PATRONAGE IN ADO-EKITI
Consistent patronage in today’s competitive market has strong connection with reliability and prompt assistance customer gets. A lot of studies had been done to define, explain and classify machine moulding blocks, yet, few studies isolate the specific effects of reliability and responsiveness within the context of Nigerian market. Thus, the study ascertained the reliability and responsiveness of Machine Moulding Blocks on customer patronage with special reference to Ado-Ekiti Metropolis. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 2,348 customers of the targeted block industry in Ado-Ekiti. The sample size was 331 using Krejcie and Morgan (1970). Primary data used for the study were gathered through the administration of a structured questionnaire to the respondents. The data obtained were analysed using multiple regression. The study found that reliability and responsiveness of the owners of business has significant effect on the dependent variable. The study concluded that both reliability and responsiveness significantly affect customer patronage of Machine Moulding Blocks in Ado-Ekiti.
Reliability, Responsiveness, Customer Patronage
RECLAIMING HERITAGE: THE REVIVAL OF INDIGENOUSTEXTILES AND CRAFTSMANSHIP IN CONTEMPORARY FASHION
The global fashion industry has increasingly embraced indigenous textiles and craftsmanship as a part of a larger movement toward sustainability, cultural preservation, and ethical production. This study examines the resurgence of traditional textile techniques in contemporary fashion, analyzing the factors contributing to this revival, including economic empowerment, technological integration, and the role of designers in promoting heritage crafts. Using qualitative methods, including case studies and interviews with designers and artisans, the research highlights the sociocultural and economic implications of integrating indigenous textiles into mainstream fashion. The findings suggest that while the revival of heritage textiles fosters cultural sustainability, challenges such as cultural appropriation and economic exploitation must be addressed through fair trade policies and responsible design practices. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening the partnership between indigenous artisans and fashion designers to ensure ethical and sustainable engagement with traditional craftsmanship.
Textile-Heritage, Indigenous-Textiles, culturalSustainability, Contemporary- Fashion, Traditional-Craftsmanship.
ACCIDENT SEVERITY PREDICTION FOR ROADTRANSPORTATION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING
Road accidents constitute some of the most horrifying experience one can have and can sometimes leave an indelible mark on victims for the rest of their life. The constant occurrence of accidents involving cars and collisions is an immediate consequence of road conditions, related environmental factors, and the carelessness of drivers involved. Professionals and agencies can utilize accident severity prediction models to obtain insight into the factors influencing road traffic incidents, and this can help predict the degree of severity of traffic accidents. Machine learning algorithms can be used to determine accident trends and predict cases of fatalities, major injuries, or minor injuries. The aim is to provide a method for predicting the degree of severity caused by a traffic accident using a ML algorithm. We created a prediction model using support vector machine (SVM). Road traffic accident (RTA) datasets obtained from the Kaggle website served as the data in the experiment. The artificial neural network was designed with the decay concept in mind, which penalizes the model to acquire knowledge from larger weights and forces it to learn from smaller weights, leading to a simpler architecture. The fine-tuned hyperparameter variables enhanced the classification results and assisted in minimizing the model's complexity with the aid of the penalty term. The SVM yielded a recommendable result of at 89.0% efficiency which shows that the model performed excellently as expected.
Classification, Prediction, Traffic, Accident Severity, Machine Learning
DUAL-MODEL BIDIRECTIONAL LSTM FOR CRYPTOCURRENCY PRICEPREDICTION: BETTER ACCURACY THROUGH COMPLEMENTARY TIME SCALES
Predicting cryptocurrency prices is hard because markets show both long-term trends and sudden short-term changes. Most prediction systems use a single model that either looks at years of history (missing recent changes) or focuses only on recent data (missing established patterns). We developed a new approach using two LSTM networks working together. One model train on a longer year of data to learn lasting patterns. The other trains on just the last two months to catch current trends. A smart system combines their predictions based on how volatile the market is right now. We tested this on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Cardano from 2022 to 2025. The results were impressive. Bitcoin prediction errors dropped from 3.4% to 1.5% - that's 56% better. Ethereum improved 34% and Cardano improved 37%. On average across all three, we got 42% better accuracy than the previous best method. The system trains in just 27 seconds, so it can update daily to stay current. Trading based on these predictions would be profitable 85- 87% of the time. The confidence scores the system gives (88-92%) match actual accuracy within 1%, meaning traders can trust them for managing risk. This dual-model approach works because it keeps both perspectives active - you don't have to choose between learning from history and adapting to current conditions.
Cryptocurrency prediction, LSTM, dual model, Bitcoin, Ethereum, deep learning, time series
ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS AND EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY INBUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN OBIO/AKPOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
This study examined the assessment of psychosocial hazards and employee productivity in business organizations in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by the increasing prevalence of psychosocial risks such as work-related stress and job insecurity in contemporary work environments and their potential impact on employee performance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised employees of registered business organizations operating within Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, from which a sample of 200 respondents was selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Psychosocial Hazards and Employee Productivity Questionnaire (PHEPQ). The validity of the instrument was established through expert review, while reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach’s Alpha method, which yielded a coefficient of 0.78. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (Pearson Product Moment Correlation) at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that psychosocial hazards such as excessive workload, work-related stress, and job insecurity are prevalent in business organizations in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area. The results further showed a significant negative relationship between psychosocial hazards and employee productivity. Specifically, work-related stress and job insecurity were found to have significant negative effects on employee productivity. Based on these findings, the study concluded that psychosocial hazards constitute a major determinant of employee productivity in business organizations. The study recommended the implementation of psychosocial risk management policies, stress-reduction strategies, and supportive management practices to enhance employee wellbeing and improve productivity in business organizations.
Psychosocial hazards, employee productivity, work-related stress, job insecurity, business organizations
THE EFFECT OF TOMATO PLANT PHENOLOGY AND FIELD INFESTATIONOF LEAF MINER (Tuta absuluta). IN OBIO AKPA, AKWA IBOM STATE
An experiment was carried out in March to July, 2024 at Akwa Ibom State University Teaching and Research Farm to evaluate the effect of tomato plant phenology and field infestation of leaf Miner (Tuta absuluta). Randomized complete block design was used, with 3 tomato varieties (Cymbal, Platinum, and Cobra) combined with 4 pest control methods (Neem extract, Andro, Cypermethrin, and control) and replicated three times. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, number of fruits, number of aborted fruits, degree of attack, fruit weight(kg), and yield(t/ha). Analysis of variance and least significance difference were used. Tomato varieties showed significant differences in height(cm), number of branches and leaves. Pesticide showed significant differences across all parameters. Plants treated with Cypermethrin performed better by recording the lowest attack (0.75), the highest fruit (34.08), and yield (4.67t/ha) followed by Neem that recorded degree of attack (4.83), number of fruits (33.92), and yield (3.63t/ha) while control was susceptible with degree of attack (12.08), lowest fruits (29.08), and lowest yield (2.51t/ha). The study concludes that Cypermethrin and Neem pesticides are effective in mitigating Tuta absoluta infestation. These measures, integrated with tolerant varieties, will enhance tomato productivity
Tomato varieties, Pesticide, Tuta absoluta, Infestation
LEGISLATIVE AUTONOMY AND GOOD GOVERNANCE OUTCOMES INNIGERIAN STATES: A STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM ANALYSIS
Legislative autonomy remains a crucial component of democratic consolidation and good governance in federal systems. In Nigeria, the quest for functional State Houses of Assembly has intensified due to increasing and excessive dominance of the executive, weak legislative capacity and the inability of the state legislatures to effectively perform their constitutionally assigned duties. This paper examines the nexus between legislative autonomy and good governance outcomes in Nigerian States through the theoretical lens of Structural Functionalism. The paper analyses how the functional capacity of state legislatures in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic has been compromised by limited autonomy, thereby affecting their capacity to perform essential functions for maintaining democratic stability and development. Drawing on documentary analysis of constitutional provisions, judicial rulings, reform efforts such as Executive Order 10 and existing scholarship, the paper reveals that inadequate financial and administrative independence of State Houses of Assembly undermines legislative oversight, transparency, accountability and service delivery of the state level. The findings also indicate that political interference has really inhibited the independence and effectiveness of state legislature. The paper concludes that full legislative autonomy is indispensable for strengthening democratic governance, enhancing fiscal responsibility, promoting rule of law and delivering public sector reforms. Recommendations include constitutional enforcement mechanisms, strengthening internal legislative bureaucracy, fiscal discipline frameworks and robust civic engagement.
Legislative Autonomy, Good Governance, Structural Functionalism, Democratic Governance, House of Assembly.
GLOBALIZATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, FOREIGN DIRECTINVESTMENT AND SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA
Globalization has significantly reshaped Nigeria’s economic landscape over the past four decades, influencing trade patterns, foreign investment flows, and the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This research examines how international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and broader globalization trends have impacted SME development in Nigeria from 1986 to 2024. SMEs, which form the backbone of the Nigerian economy, face both opportunities and vulnerabilities in a globalized environment. While globalization promises access to larger markets, advanced technologies, and foreign capital, its benefits are not evenly distributed. The findings suggest that trade openness has exposed Nigerian SMEs to intense competition from foreign firms, often without the necessary infrastructure or policy support to compete effectively. FDI inflows have increased, but their impact on SMEs remains limited due to weak linkages between foreign investors and local businesses. The globalization index shows Nigeria’s growing integration into the world economy, yet this integration has not translated into inclusive growth for domestic enterprises. Drawing on: Dependency Theory, the research argues that Nigeria’s economic structure remains externally oriented and vulnerable to global capital flows, reinforcing patterns of dependence rather than self-sustained development. World Systems Theory, which further explains how Nigeria, positioned as a peripheral economy, continues to supply raw materials and labor while relying on core economies for finished goods and investment. This structural imbalance constrains SME growth and innovation, as local firms struggle to move up the value chain. This research concludes that globalization, in its current form, has deepened existing inequalities and exposed SMEs to systemic risks. To reverse this trend, Nigeria must pursue policies that build domestic capacity, strengthen infrastructure, and promote industrial upgrading. Only then can SMEs become engines of inclusive growth and Nigeria reposition itself within the global economic system on more equitable terms
Globalization, International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment
EFFECT OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TAX COLLECTION SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
This study investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the efficiency of the federal government tax collection system in Nigeria. Primary data were utilized and collected through a well-structured questionnaire administered to relevant respondents within tax administration agencies. The use of questionnaires was considered appropriate due to their flexibility, reliability, and ability to provide valid responses. To ensure the credibility of the instrument, validity was established through face, content, and construct validation techniques. Feedback from experts and pilot respondents confirmed that the questionnaire items were relevant, clear, and aligned with the study objectives. Statistical validation using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) further confirmed the adequacy of the constructs. Reliability was verified through a pilot study, with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients ranging from 0.780 to 0.926, indicating strong internal consistency. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze respondents’ demographic data and summarize ICT usage trends, while inferential statistics—specifically Multiple Regression and Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation—were used to examine the effect of ICT adoption on tax collection outcomes. The results highlighted significant relationships between ICT tools (such as software, hardware, and personnel training) and tax collection performance, demonstrating that greater ICT integration enhances operational efficiency and revenue generation. The study concludes that ICT adoption plays a vital role in improving transparency, accuracy, and overall performance in tax administration. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen Nigeria’s tax collection system through technological innovation and digital transformation.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT); Tax Collection; Revenue Generation; Nigeria
EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND BRAN IDENTITY (A CASE STUDY OF NESTLE NIGERIA PLC)
In the past few decades, corporate social responsibility, or CSR, has become more prominent. Companies have been using CSR as a tactic to enhance their reputation. The CSR approach addresses employee life and work balance, charitable giving, and sponsorship initiatives for the local populations. Brand identity has a key role in how customers and other stakeholders perceive an organization. In the recent years, firms have incorporated CSR to enhance their brand identity. This is as a result of traditional brand identity tools degrading with time. The study examined and determines the effects of CSR activities on the trademark identity of a firm utilizing case of Nestle Nigeria Plc., Agbara, and Ogun State. Objectives of the investigation include: (i) To determine the effects of economic corporate social responsibility on the brand identity of the Nestle Nigeria Plc., Agbara (ii) To evaluate the effect of moral corporate social responsibility on the brand identity of the Nestle Nigeria Plc., Agbara (iii) To determine the effect of philanthropic corporate social responsibility on the brand identity of the Nestle Nigeria Plc., Agbara. It utilized Carroll’s Pyramid of CSR and Creating Shared Value theory. The study examined the effects of financial, ethical and philanthropic CSR on brand identity of Nestle Nigeria Plc. target population being employees and customers of the firm. The study implemented descriptive study design utilizing questionnaires and secondary data. Data was presented in tables and the validity as well as reliability of the investigation was measured utilizing Cronbach alpha test model. The findings concluded that economic, ethical and philanthropic CSR have a greater influence on brand identity of Nestle Nigeria Plc. however other factors such as work culture contribute to the brand identity. The findings concluded that CSR not only fulfils the duty of providing for the needy in our society but also performs a critical function in building brand identity. The findings also revealed that CSR is not only beneficial to Nestle Nigeria Plc. stakeholders in terms of building a connected society, creating a digitally transformed nation but also it helps in creating awareness and mandate of the Nestle Nigeria Plc., Agbara. Such issues can be addressed through policy by publicizing of CSR activities and creating linkages and relations with the media which is a major stakeholder of the organization. The efforts by the organization to deploy resources are conducted in a fashion which is equally helpful to both parties and the communities that they serve. If well implemented CSR is a mutually beneficial scenario for both the organization as well as the beneficiaries. This information can be used by Nestle Nigeria Plc. as a means of creating new interventions as a matter of policy.
Effect, Corporate, Social Responsibility Bran Identity
DIGITALIZATION OF TEXTILE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES.
The textile and garment industry in Nigeria, once a vibrant component of the national economy, has experienced a prolonged decline due to challenges such as obsolete production technology, weak infrastructure, policy inconsistencies, and the influx of cheaper foreign fabrics. In an era of digital transformation, this study investigates the role of digitalization in revitalizing Nigeria’s textile design and production processes. It explores how the adoption of digital tools—such as computer-aided design (CAD), digital textile printing, 3D modeling, and e-commerce platforms—can enhance productivity, creativity, sustainability, and market access within the industry. The research adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach, drawing on secondary data from academic literature, government policy documents, industry reports, and global best practices. The study critically analyzes global trends in digital textile technology, the historical development and current state of the Nigerian textile industry, and the digital readiness of local firms. It further examines government interventions, including the Cotton, Textile and Garment (CTG) policy, CBN’s ₦100 billion revival fund, import restrictions, and skills development programs aimed at supporting industry modernization. Findings reveal that although pockets of digital innovation exist—especially among fashion entrepreneurs and SMEs—systemic challenges such as high costs of digital tools, low digital literacy, poor infrastructure, and limited financing hinder widespread adoption. Nevertheless, the study identifies significant opportunities for leveraging digitalization to rebuild value chains, foster mass customization, improve sustainability, and enable Nigerian textile products to compete in regional and global markets. The study concludes that a digitally-driven revival of the textile sector requires a coordinated policy framework, strategic public-private partnerships, investment in digital infrastructure, and reform of textile education. It recommends a national digital textile strategy and greater integration of digital technologies across design, production, and distribution processes to reposition the industry for inclusive growth and global competitiveness.
Digitalization, Textile Industry, Nigeria, Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Digital Textile Printing, 3D Fashion Design, Smart Manufacturing, E-commerce, Fashion Technology,
INVESTMENT INTENSITY AND PERFORMANCE DYNAMICS IN NIGERIAN DEPOSITMONEY BANKS
This study investigated the effect of investment intensity on performance dynamics among Nigerian deposit money banks between 2013 and 2023. The research adopted an ex post facto design, since the data used were already in existence and extracted from the published annual financial statements of the sampled banks. The population comprised sixteen (16) listed deposit money banks on the Nigerian Exchange Group as of December 2023, all of which were purposively selected based on data availability. The study utilized secondary panel data, analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and random effects panel regression models using the E-Views econometric software. Two models were estimated: one assessing the effect of long-term investment intensity (LTIV) on earnings per share (EPS), and the other examining its effect on market price per share (MPS).The regression results revealed that LTIV exerted a negative but statistically insignificant effect on both EPS and MPS. Specifically, the coefficients (-41.77 for EPS and -4.67 for MPS) indicated that higher long-term investment intensity marginally reduced profitability and market valuation, though not significantly. The R-squared values (0.162 and 0.097) showed that investment intensity explained only a small proportion of variations in performance indicators.The study concluded that increasing long-term investment intensity does not significantly enhance profitability or share value of Nigerian deposit money banks. It therefore recommended that banks should optimize rather than expand their long-term investment portfolios, focusing on efficient asset utilization and short-term productive investments to improve performance and shareholder returns.
Investment Intensity, Long-term Investments, Earnings per Share (EPS), Market Price per Share (MPS), Nigerian Deposit Money Banks
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONSUMER’S DEMAND AND MEDIUMENTERPRISE PROFITABILITY
The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between consumer demand and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MEs) within the context of Eastern Samar. Specifically, the study aims to understand how consumer preferences, purchasing behavior, and socio-economic factors influence the performance and sustainability of MEs operating in this region. A descriptivecorrelational design was utilized to determine the Relationship between the Consumer’s Demand and Medium Enterprises Profitability in 2nd District of Eastern Samar. Complete enumeration of 50 was selected from the total population of small business owners. The study adopted the survey questionnaire of the International Labour Organization (n.d) titled, “The Consumer Demand Survey Tool and Forms“ for the independent variable while the dependent variable will be adopted from United States Agency (2005), “Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Financial Services Demand”. Results shows that selected consumer profile variables such as Types of Business, Number of Employees, Number of Years in Operation, Average Monthly Revenue indicates no impact on medium enterprises profitability and suggest the need for more nuanced analyses to uncover potential indirect relationships. The research also highlights the existing degree of relationship between the consumer’s demand and medium enterprises profitability which shows a highly significant correlation. This suggests that as consumer demand increases, profitability also tends to rise, making consumer demand a key driver for these businesses. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends enterprises to align products and services with consumer preferences that are likely profitable, emphasizing the importance of demand forecasting and responsive product development strategies. Lastly, offer programs that train MEs in workforce management, emphasizing customer service and operational efficiency.
Relationship, Consumers, Demand, Medium Enterprise, Profitability
CULTURAL FACTORS: ITS INFLUENCE ON BUSINESS APPROACHES AMONGENTREPRENEURS OF EASTERN SAMAR
This study employs a descriptive-correlation design to determine the influence of cultural factors to business approaches of selected entrepreneurs in Eastern Samar. Using questionnaires with 80 respondents, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson’s R Correlation. The research highlights the existing degree of relationship between entrepreneurs’ socio-economic profile and cultural factor and business approaches. The study also found that cultural factors as perceived by the approaches of entrepreneurs was related satisfied across the five indicators, product planning, marketing, financing, human resource and developing core competencies. The analysis consistently demonstrated that there was no significant relationship with the socio-economic profile of the respondents to their cultural factors and business approaches. However, a statistically significant relationship was found between cultural factors and business approaches as noted in the index of correlation at .294 and p-value <0.008 which confirms that respondents’ decision making, behavior and business strategies implemented were also driven by their Filipino cultures. Related studies support this finding, that the consideration of social psychology theories of intention and behavior can be a source for theoretical development of entrepreneurial cognition research across cultures. Based on the study's conclusions, recommendations are proposed. First, an in-depth study is recommended in order to determine the approaches that would greatly benefit the entrepreneurs. This would also lead into a new light of strategy that is effective within the context of the entrepreneur. Lastly, entrepreneurs in Eastern Samar should be more exposed or attend more training/seminar on different business approaches and strategies.
Business Approaches; Cultural Factors; Entrepreneurs; Financing; Marketing
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS’ SELF-AWARENESS AND COMMITMENT OFTEACHERS IN CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DELTA STATE
The study examined school administrators’ self-awareness and commitment of teachers in catholic secondary schools in Delta State. In carrying out the study, three research questions were answered and nine hypotheses were tested. The study is a correlational survey adopting the ex-post-facto research design. The study covered principals and teachers in catholic secondary schools in Delta State. The population for the study comprised of one thousand and eight (1008) principals, vice principals and teachers in Delta State Catholic schools. The sample for the study consists of three hundred and twenty-four (324) principals and vice-principals and teachers in Catholic schools in Delta State drawn from the population of the study. That is fiftytwo (52) principals and Vice Principals and two hundred and seventy-two (272) teachers in Catholic schools in Delta State. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents and data were analysed using mean and standard deviation, and coefficient of determination to provide answers to the research questions while independent t-test analysis and Pearson product moment correlation statistics were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings from the study showed that the profile of self-awareness in personality, emotional, professional, leadership responsibilities, social, relationship management and communication are available for principals for enhanced administration of secondary schools. Also, the level of teachers’ commitment in Catholic mission secondary schools is high. Similarly, there is a significant relationship between administrators’ self-awareness indices and commitment of teachers in Catholic mission secondary school, Delta State. The study recommended that educational commission of Catholic Dioceses in Nigeria should implement training programs for school administrators to enhance their personality self-awareness, emotional self-awareness, and self-management skills.
School Administrators, SelfAwareness, Commitment, Teachers, Catholic Secondary Schools
MODELING PATTERNS OF CHOLERA PREVALENCE IN AFRICA: TIMESERIES APPROACH
An adage says, “Health is wealth." Vibrio-cholera continues to pose a global threat to public health and serves as a key indicator of a lack of social development. Today, cholera primarily affects developing countries worldwide, especially in Africa, where it is endemic. Natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and floods can contribute to the spread of the outbreak by disrupting the normal way of life. This creates many health problems; foods and water supplies can become contaminated by vectors, causing cholera disease. Developing countries such as Nigeria suffer disproportionately due to differences in their disaster preparedness systems. The aim of this research is to examine the trends in the prevalence of cholera cases in Africa, with the goal of identifying the patterns of these cases between 2018 and 2023. The research employed secondary data, utilizing data from the World Health Organization on the prevalence of cholera cases in five different regions of the world. The regions are: Africa, Asia, Europe, America, and Oceania. We collected data for six years, ran the analysis using the R package, and employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as time-series analysis, ANOVA, augmented Dikey-Fuller test, univariate time-series model, and least squares methods, among others. The analysis revealed that Africa had the highest number of cholera cases between 2018 and 2019, while Asia had the highest prevalence between 2020 and 2023. According to the World Health Organization, the data showed non-stationarity with the chart of the normal distribution over the five regions between 2018 and 2023, which skewed to the right with a value of 3.059. We tested the hypothesis and established a significant difference in the mean cholera prevalence across the five regions at the 5% level of significance. Additionally, this led us to conduct a second differencing Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test before the data became stationary for forecasting, resulting in a trend estimation of Tt = 61273.03 + 13710.73t using the least squares methods. This suggests that if the government and health providers do not adopt swift, drastic measures, we should expect an increase in cholera prevalence of 13710.03 in the upcoming years across all regions.
Trends, Mean difference, Cholera, Forecast, Time Series Analysis
IMPROVING CONSTRUCTION QUALITY: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OFQUALITY ASSURANCE PRACTICES IN THE NIGERIAN BUILDING SECTOR
The construction industry plays a crucial role in driving economic growth and infrastructure development in Nigeria. However, the sector has long grappled with quality issues, including structural defects, substandard materials, and poor workmanship, leading to building failures, safety hazards, and economic losses. Addressing these challenges requires a robust quality assurance (QA) framework that encompasses the entire construction lifecycle. This article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the current state of QA practices in the Nigerian building sector, identifying key challenges and proposing strategies for improvement. It examines the roles of regulatory bodies, such as the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON), the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), and the Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI), in establishing standards, enforcing compliance, and promoting best practices. The article also explores various quality assurance models, including ISO 9001, Six Sigma, Lean Construction, and Total Quality Management (TQM), evaluating their suitability for the Nigerian context. Furthermore, it outlines a framework for implementing an effective QA system, encompassing policy and regulation, institutional capacity building, construction approval processes, post-construction maintenance, and stakeholder participation. By addressing the shortcomings in the existing QA framework and adopting a collaborative approach involving all stakeholders, the Nigerian construction industry can enhance quality, ensure public safety, and bolster its economic competitiveness.
Construction, Quality Assurance Practices,
TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF FOREST CHARACTERISTICS ON RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION THROUGH SIMULATION
The study was to examining a simulated model for radio wave propagation in forested environment. The simulation model to be created as a prototype of the forest, (a single dielectric block), with different dimensional combinations of forest properties, material dielectric properties and antennas, were then simulated to obtained propagation model of radio wave in forest. Because of lack of information on the electrical properties of the real forest before now, no attempt was made to conduct simulation studies on radio waves propagation using forest electrical properties. There are two important properties that represent the forest electrical characteristics. They are permittivity, Ԑr and conductivity, δ. These properties obtained from the simulated study were observed to affect the radio wave propagation in forest. The values used for Ԑr and δ in the simulated model were obtained from measured data in real forest using RESPER probe. The EM simulation application, CST (MWS) studio suite, was used for the simulation. After the simulation was completed, the contour plots for E-fields strength, power loss and path loss were obtained from CST, while, MATLAB and other statistical method was used to analyzed the field data. The studies were conducted using dielectric block model. The model was valid for frequency up to 100 MHz
Electrical conductivity, electrical permittivity, radio wave propagation, forest characteristics, and computer simulation technology (CST)