INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH
NATURE-INSPIRED ALGORITHMS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OFPARADIGMS, MECHANISMS, AND EMERGING TRENDS IN OPTIMIZATION
Nature-inspired algorithms (NIAs) have emerged as powerful paradigms for solving complex optimization problems that defy traditional mathematical approaches. Drawing inspiration from billions of years of evolutionary refinement, collective intelligence, and adaptive behaviors observed in biological systems, these algorithms have transformed the landscape of computational problemsolving. This article presents a comprehensive review of nature-inspired algorithms, systematically categorizing them into evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, plant-based approaches, and physics-inspired methods. We analyze their foundational mechanisms, particularly the critical exploration-exploitation trade-off that governs their performance. The review examines recent advancements, including hybridization strategies, transfer learning integration, and adaptive parameter control mechanisms. Special attention is given to the underexplored potential of plantinspired algorithms, which constitute only 9.7% of the literature yet demonstrate competitive performance on benchmark problems. Through comparative analysis and visual frameworks, we identify persistent challenges—theoretical foundation gaps, scalability limitations, and the "algorithmic metaphor epidemic"—while proposing future research directions. This work serves as both an introductory guide for new researchers and a critical analysis for practitioners seeking to understand the current landscape and future trajectory of nature-inspired optimization.
Nature-inspired algorithms • Metaheuristics • Swarm intelligence • Evolutionary computation • Plant-inspired algorithms • Optimization • Explorationexploitation balance
Copyright (c) 2026 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH
EFFECT OF JOB MORALE AND JOB COMMITMENT ON ACADEMICSTAFF PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY EDUCATION DELIVERY INPUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
his study investigated the influence of job morale and job commitment on academic staff productivity and quality of education delivery in public and private universities in Edo State, Nigeria. Adopting a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research explored the lived experiences, perceptions, and meanings of 30 academic staff across three public universities (University of Benin, Edo State University, Uzairue) and one private university (Igbinedion University, Okada). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, designed to elicit insights into motivational drivers, institutional support, and professional engagement. The data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step thematic analysis framework, with both inductive coding to capture emergent themes and deductive coding informed by motivation theories, including Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Expectancy Theory. Four major themes emerged: (1) job morale as a determinant of engagement and productivity, (2) job commitment and its impact on sustained quality education delivery, (3) institutional practices as moderators of morale and commitment, and (4) contextual differences between public and private universities. Findings indicate that intrinsic motivators—such as recognition, autonomy, and professional development—enhance morale, while affective and normative commitment strengthens institutional loyalty and quality teaching. Leadership practices, equitable policies, and resource availability were identified as critical moderators that either reinforce or constrain motivation. Public and private universities exhibited distinct motivational dynamics, underscoring the need for context-specific management strategies. The study provides actionable implications for educational managers and policymakers, advocating for integrated motivational frameworks, participatory leadership, and tailored strategies to enhance academic staff engagement, productivity, and the quality of education delivery.
Job Morale, Job Commitment, Academic Productivity, Quality Education Delivery, Motivation Theories, Public Universities, Private Universities
Prof. OSAWARU-OGBEGIE Rosemary Iyalekhuosa
PERCEIVED NEED FOR COUNSELLORS IN PROTECTING THEGIRLCHILD AND WOMEN RIGHT IN NIGERIA
The study examined perceived need for counsellors in protecting the girl child and women right in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to examine the various areas where culture interferes with the girl-child right, the need for protecting the rights of girl-child, the challenges of protecting the girl-child, laws protecting the girl-child and the roles of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in protecting the girl child in Nigeria. The descriptive survey design was used in this study. The population of this study covered all the accredited female counsellors that registered with the Counselling Association of Nigeria (CASSON). The target population of female counsellors registered with the Counselling Association of Nigeria (CASSON), 2024 was about three thousand (3,000) from which this study drew sample for the purpose of this research work. A sample size of 300 female counselors representing about 10% of the target population was drawn. To determine sample adequacy of the target population, the Yaro Yamane’s sampling formula was used. Data collected was analysed with the simple percentage (%). Findings revealed that the girl-child in Nigeria faces numerous challenges that hinder their development and well-being, including gender-based violence, limited access to education, early marriage and harmful traditional practices. Protecting. The girlchild is not only moral obligation but also a strategic investment in the country’s future as it empowers girls to become educated, healthy and active members of society. It was therefore recommended that Government should implement initiatives to improve girl’s access to quality education, including school infrastructure, scholarship and awareness campaigns on the importance of girl’s education.
Need to Protect Girl Child, Challenges of Protecting the Girl-Child, Laws Protecting the Girl-Child, the Roles of Non-Governmental Organisations
EXPLORING THE LEADERSHIP CAPACITY OF MASTER TEACHERS ASINSTRUCTIONAL LEADERS: BASIS FOR A MENTORING PROGRAM
In 21st-century schools, the concept of quality education has changed significantly. Although still based on effective pedagogy, classroom management, assessment, and subject expertise, modern education places a higher priority on equipping students with the skills necessary for the global and digital world in addition to academic knowledge. To fulfill this, the educational community must have top-tier teachers who can carry out their responsibilities to the highest standards. The study investigated the instructional competence and instructional leadership skills of master teachers as assessed by teachers and principals. The findings served as the foundation for developing a focused mentoring program. The outcomes established that both teachers and principals strongly agree on the high competency of master teachers across both instructional and leadership aspects. This highlighted the master teachers’ dual role as highly effective practitioners in the classroom and influential leaders among their peers. They are uniquely stationed to drive school-wide improvement by modeling superior instruction while vigorously guiding the professional growth of their contemporaries. Although principals have consistently provided higher ratings compared to teachers, this is primarily based on the role. Principals require the master teachers to evaluate strategic impact and formal leadership while the teachers assess daily operational effectiveness and collaboration. Statistical analysis further confirmed that these two skill sets possess a highly significant and strong positive correlation, underscoring their inherent interconnectedness. The proposed program will equip master teachers to expand their influence and leadership effectiveness, leveraging their skills to inspire colleagues and drive continuous improvement across the entire educational system.
Master Teachers; Instructional Leadership; Instructional Competence; Mentoring Program; Teacher Leadership; School Leadership; Professional Development
TEACHERS’ LEARNING SPACE APPROACHES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCEIN THE CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF EASTERN SAMAR DIVISION
Creating positive learning spaces is essential for enhancing student engagement and academic performance in elementary schools. The effectiveness of learning space approaches largely depends on teachers’ ability to organize lessons, manage classrooms, foster interaction, and create supportive psychological and social environments. This study examined the relationship between teachers’ learning space approaches and the academic performance of Grade VI learners in central elementary schools of the Eastern Samar Division. A quantitative correlational research design was employed, involving 56 Grade VI teachers and their respective classes. Data were collected using a structured survey questionnaire measuring teachers’ learning space practices across five indicators: lesson organization, classroom management, interaction during the lesson, teacher-student communication, and psychological and social classroom environment. Learners’ academic performance was assessed through their grade point average (GPA) for the school year 2024–2025. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that teachers exhibited a high level of practice across all learning space approaches. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between teachers’ learning space approaches and learners’ academic performance, indicating that well-implemented learning spaces contribute to improved student achievement. The study recommends continuous professional development programs for teachers, focusing on effective lesson organization, classroom management, and strategies to foster positive psychological and social learning environments
Learning Space Approaches, Academic Performance, Classroom Management, Teacher Practices, Elementary Education
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE READINESS OF NOVICE TEACHERS
Teacher readiness is a crucial determinant of instructional competence and student learning outcomes. Novice teachers, in particular, face challenges in translating theoretical knowledge into effective classroom practices due to limited teaching experience, pedagogical skills, and institutional support. This study investigated the factors influencing the readiness of novice teachers in the Eastern Samar Division and examined the relationship between these factors and their teaching readiness. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving novice teachers with five years or less of teaching experience. Data were collected using structured survey questionnaires assessing demographic factors, professional development factors, and collegial factors, as well as the teachers’ readiness across lesson planning, instructional strategies, classroom management, learner engagement, and assessment practices. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Results revealed that professional development factors, collegial support, and demographic factors significantly influence novice teachers’ readiness. A positive relationship was found between these factors and teacher readiness. The study recommends the formulation of targeted professional development programs to enhance novice teachers’ preparedness, instructional competence, and overall effectiveness in delivering quality education.
Novice Teachers, Teacher Readiness, Professional Development, Collegial Support, Instructional Competence
DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND ACCEPTABILITY OF ONBOARDING ORIENTATION MODEL FOR NOVICE TEACHERS
This study introduces an onboarding model designed to enhance the instructional readiness of beginning teachers. Employing a development research approach guided by the ADDIE model, the research evaluated the model across five key indicators: objectives, content, topic presentation, activities, and overall usefulness. Participants included HRLD focal persons, school heads, and beginning teachers from the southern districts of Eastern Samar Division. Results indicated high acceptability for the model, with objectives (4.29), content (4.39), and activities (4.19) rated as essential. Topic presentation (4.47) and model usefulness (4.64) were deemed relevant and acceptable. An overall grand mean score of 4.40 signifies strong satisfaction and effectiveness in integrating new teachers. The enhanced onboarding model is recommended for full implementation, with suggestions for the Department of Education to adopt and enhance the program, allocate adequate resources, and conduct a longitudinal study to assess its long-term impact on teacher performance and retention.
IPBT, On-boarding Model, Induction Program, Beginning Teachers, Topic Presentation, Objectives, Usefulness of the Model, Activities, Content
This study investigated the influence of job morale and job commitment on academic staff productivity and quality of education delivery in public and private universities in Edo State, Nigeria. Adopting a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research explored the lived experiences, perceptions, and meanings of 30 academic staff across three public universities (University of Benin, Edo State University, Uzairue) and one private university (Igbinedion University, Okada). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, designed to elicit insights into motivational drivers, institutional support, and professional engagement. The data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step thematic analysis framework, with both inductive coding to capture emergent themes and deductive coding informed by motivation theories, including Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Expectancy Theory. Four major themes emerged: (1) job morale as a determinant of engagement and productivity, (2) job commitment and its impact on sustained quality education delivery, (3) institutional practices as moderators of morale and commitment, and (4) contextual differences between public and private universities. Findings indicate that intrinsic motivators—such as recognition, autonomy, and professional development—enhance morale, while affective and normative commitment strengthens institutional loyalty and quality teaching. Leadership practices, equitable policies, and resource availability were identified as critical moderators that either reinforce or constrain motivation. Public and private universities exhibited distinct motivational dynamics, underscoring the need for context-specific management strategies. The study provides actionable implications for educational managers and policymakers, advocating for integrated motivational frameworks, participatory leadership, and tailored strategies to enhance academic staff engagement, productivity, and the quality of education delivery
A Review of the Effects of Communication in BuildingMarital Relationship
Communication is widely regarded as the cornerstone of a successful marital relationship. This paper reviewed the role of communication in fostering intimacy, resolving conflicts, building trust, and maintaining emotional connection in marriages. Drawing on empirical studies and theoretical perspectives, the paper highlights how effective communication enhances marital satisfaction, while poor communication patterns often lead to misunderstandings and marital breakdowns. The seminar concludes by offering recommendations for couples, counsellors, and stakeholders on promoting healthy communication in marriages.
Communication, Marriage, Conflict Resolution, Marital Satisfaction, Relationship Building
Copyright (c) 2025 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH
An Appraisal of Educational Leadership Effectiveness in CrisisGovernance and the Strengthening of Institutional ResilienceMechanisms during Emergencies in Secondary Schools in Cross RiverState, Nigeria
This study examined the effectiveness of educational leadership in crisis governance and the enhancement of institutional resilience in secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. It specifically investigated the strategies and approaches employed by school leaders to manage crises arising from socio-political instability, communal and tribal clashes, and the migration of suspected Fulani herdsmen, the effectiveness of institutional resilience mechanisms, and the role of stakeholder coordination. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 325 secondary school principals through structured questionnaires. Quantitative analysis, including Pearson correlation and regression, was employed to test the relationships and effects of leadership strategies, resilience mechanisms, and stakeholder coordination on sustaining teaching and learning during crises. The findings revealed that principals implement multidimensional strategies including crisis preparedness, adaptive teaching, safety and security measures, conflict mediation, and community engagement which significantly enhance the continuity of teaching and learning. Institutional resilience mechanisms were found to be effective in mitigating the impact of crises on students, staff, and school operations, while stakeholder coordination positively influenced leadership effectiveness despite challenges such as limited resources and communication gaps. The study underscores the importance of proactive, adaptive, and collaborative leadership in sustaining education under sociopolitical instability and recommends targeted capacity-building, resource provision, and structured stakeholder engagement frameworks to strengthen institutional resilience
educational leadership, crisis governance, institutional resilience, stakeholder coordination, secondary schools, Nigeria
INTELLIGENT DOCUMENT PROCESSING: AI-POWERED DOCUMENTMANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
The rapid growth of digital information has necessitated a transformation in document management practices, giving rise to Intelligent Document Processing (IDP), an AI-powered approach that automates, analyses, and optimizes the handling of organizational documents. Historically, organizations relied on manual or traditional document management systems (DMS), which were often labor-intensive, error-prone, and limited in analytical capabilities. The emergence of IDP has shifted this paradigm, integrating artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotic process automation to enable more accurate, efficient, and insightful document workflows. IDP encompasses a range of technologies and systems, including optical character recognition for digitization, NLP for semantic understanding, ML and deep learning for predictive and analytical tasks, and RPA for workflow automation. These systems facilitate automated document capture, classification, indexing, extraction, and retrieval while supporting advanced analytical tasks such as sentiment analysis, entity recognition, pattern detection, and anomaly identification. Compared with traditional DMS, AI-powered IDP offers superior scalability, speed, and the ability to extract actionable insights from unstructured and structured data. Applications of IDP span multiple sectors, including banking, healthcare, legal services, education, and public administration, delivering tangible benefits such as increased efficiency, reduced human errors, cost savings, enhanced data accuracy, and improved compliance. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including data privacy and security concerns, integration with legacy systems, high implementation costs, and AI model bias. Ethical and legal considerations, particularly transparency, accountability, and responsible AI deployment, are critical to the sustainable adoption of IDP. Looking forward, the field is expected to evolve with advances in generative AI, real-time analytics, cloud-based solutions, and human–AI collaboration. Organizations that strategically integrate IDP within well-designed job structures and governance frameworks are likely to achieve enhanced operational efficiency, informed decision-making, and competitive advantage in the digital era.
Intelligent Document Processing, AI, Document, Management and Analysis
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: AN ASSESSMENT OF POLICIES AND GOALS
This paper assesses Sustainable Development Policies and goals. The information on Sustainable Development policies and goals were obtained from secondary sources, mostly from United Nation Development programme reports. The paper revealed that conflict, climate disruption, economic instability and rising geopolitical tension characterized many countries, thereby invalidating investment in SDGs by countries over the years. Equally, that over 800 million people still live in extreme poverty and hunger. Also, that debt service for low and middle-income countries hit 1.4 trillion dollars, draining resources for critical development. Moreover, that only 35 percent of the Sustainable Development Goal targets are on track or making modest progress while 18 percent are actually regressing .In view of these findings, the study recommends that countries should shift from fossil fuel to renewable energy to combat climate change and improve health outcome of citizens. As well, government should adopt sustained Macroeconomic policies for economic well-being of citizens and prioritize gender sensitive budgeting to accelerate development as women are critical to achieving micro income, food security, health and education. Furthermore, that investment in national statistical system for high quality and timely data gathering to monitor progress and identify gaps should be prioritized.
Sustainable, Development, Assessment, Policies and Goals
DEVELOPMENT EVIDENCES IN THE UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
This paper assesses development evidences in the underdeveloped countries. The information on development in the underdeveloped countries were obtained from secondary source. The paper reveals that underdeveloped countries are characterized by vicious circle of poverty, adverse geographical condition with terrible weather condition. Also, the study shows that anti-development factors such as socio-cultural and ethnic division have often led to conflict and clashes in the underdeveloped countries coupled with high population growth rate and extreme income inequality, of which constraint development. In view of these findings, the study recommends that underdeveloped countries should prioritize the adoption of renewable energy, ensure sustainable economic growth and structural reforms. As well, the countries should promote girl child education, empowering women to make informed reproductive decisions and emphasize investment in both physical and human infrastructure
Development, Evidences, Underdeveloped and Countries.
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCESIN GEORGIA FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
The article discusses the development of recreational tourism in the territory of Georgia. It examines approaches to natural and recreational resources and evaluates them. The factors affecting the natural and recreational potential are determined as much as possible, the advantages and disadvantages of the development of the natural and recreational complex are established, and the reasons why it is possible for the regions of Georgia to be sharply oriented towards the use of natural resources are also described. All this is aimed at the development of sustainable tourism, and the natural recreational potential of the Kakheti region is discussed.
tourism, natural and recreational resources, tourism and recreational potential, sustainable tourism development
LITHIUM INTEGRATED SOLAR CHARGING: ADAPTIVE POWERMANAGEMENT FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
As global energy demands rise and the need for sustainable solutions grows, lithium-integrated solar charging systems have gained prominence. These systems offer reliable, high-efficiency energy storage and adaptive power management, particularly for operations in extreme environmental conditions. This research aims to develop and optimize a lithium-integrated solar charging system with adaptive power management, ensuring consistent performance in harsh environments such as deserts, polar regions, and offshore installations. The study explores key parameters influencing system efficiency, including temperature variations, battery longevity, solar panel optimization, and real-time energy distribution. Using computational modeling, we will simulate the behavior of lithium-based solar storage in extreme environments and develop an adaptive control algorithm for intelligent energy management. The expected outcomes include enhanced energy efficiency, prolonged battery life, and a scalable model for real-world applications. By integrating experimental testing and computational simulations, this study provides data-driven insights into the reliability and adaptability of lithium-based solar charging systems. The findings will be valuable to industries such as defense, space exploration, remote telecommunications, and disaster response, where power reliability is critical. This research supports prototype development, testing, computational modeling, and stakeholder engagement to ensure practical deployment in extreme environments.
Lithium-integrated solar charging, Adaptive power management, Extreme environmental operations, Renewable energy storage, Intelligent energy management systems
RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES ONECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
This study looks at how well fiscal and monetary policies worked together to boost Nigeria’s economy from 1990 to 2023. It focuses on fiscal policy variables such as taxes and expenditure by the government as well as those of monetary policy like interest rate changes and money supply. The study attempts to determine the best policy for fostering stability and sustained growth by contrasting their effectiveness in various economic circumstances. To investigate the short- and long-term correlations between these variables, the study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) / Error Correction Model (ECM), because it can handle time series data with variables integrated at multiple orders, the ARDL technique is especially well-suited for this kind of analysis. The primary variables under investigation are the dependent variable (GDP growth) and the independent variables (monetary and fiscal policy indicators). The fiscal policy has a more significant and sustained influence on Nigeria’s long-term economic growth. Government taxes and expenditure are key drivers of growth throughout the studied period, especially during recession periods. On the other hand, monetary policy has little impact on long-term growth but has been more successful in handling pressing short-term problems of inflation and currency stabilization. These findings imply that Nigeria’s economic strategy should place a higher priority on fiscal policy, with an emphasis on enacting tax changes and improving the effectiveness of government expenditure. In general, this research offers significant perspectives for decision-makers who aim to encourage steady economic expansion and stability in Nigeria.
GDP, monetary policy, fiscal policy, indicators, taxes, ARDL
HARNESSING WIND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN NIGERIA
The research aims to harness wind renewable energy in Nigeria. The monthly mean wind speed of 20 anemometer stations data was acquired from the archives of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) in Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria, covering the years 1951 to 2012. The descriptive statistical method was used in this study to better comprehend data characteristics and variances using mean wind speed statiscal and mann-kendall’s test and Matlab software. The application aims to detail data behaviors, situations, events, and results from 1951 to 2012 and assess their statistical importance. The coefficients of variations (CV), which range from 19.87% to 50.32%, are large, according to the statistical findings. Higher CV and monthly mean daily wind speeds are typically found in the country's north. According to the findings, the northwestern cities displayed a bimodal maxima that took place in the winter months of December, January, and February as well as in the early summer months of June. The north eastern and north central cities similarly reported the highest wind speeds in March, April, and May. Similarly, the northern region's mimima was observed from late summer (August) to mid-autumn (September, October, and November).The cities in the southwest experienced their highest wind speed in the spring (March and April) and summer (July and August). Their minima was recorded in late autumn (November). The south eastern region recorded maxima during spring (March and April) and the minima occurred in late autumn (November).The northern region recorded the best and highest mean wind speed where Kano recorded the maximum wind speed mean of 7.900 m/s and Yelwa having recorded the minima wind speed mean of 3.524 among the northern region. while the western region recorded the poorest mean wind speed of 2.966 m/s by Oshogbo and their highest recorded mean wind speed is 4.635 m/s recorded by Lagos (Ikeja). Hence, Nigeria’s northern region is a good place to generate wind power
Harnessing, Wind, Renewable, Energy in Nigeria
DETERMINANTS OF CHOICE OF WAREHOUSING MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS AMONG RICE DISTRIBUTORS IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined determinants of choice of warehousing management systems among rice distributors in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used in choosing the sample. Primary data collected from total of 120 respondents that was the sample size for this study. Data used for the study were sourced primarily using questionnaire, observation and interview. Data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive tools like tables, means, percentages and frequencies as well as econometric tools like probit model. Findings showed that 70 of the 120 respondents (accounting for about 58%) used the traditional warehousing management system while the remaining 42% used the modern. The mean loss of about N4,000 and N2,000 for the traditional and modern warehousing users respectively. results showed that number of employees and credit were positively related to the categorical outcome while firm age, firm location, stock volume, distance to market, firm type and capital were all negative. The study recommends that rice distributors should be enlighten on the use of modern warehousing management system which sustain sales and enhances profitability
Rice, warehousing, warehousing management system, sales sustainability, distributors
TRANSFORMATION OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY THROUGHTECHNOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT
This study provides a critical analysis of the role of technology and scientific research in fostering sustainable development within the automobile industry. It explores how technological advancements have revolutionized society, economic progress, and the business environment. It highlights the integral contribution to economic growth through manufacturing, sales and maintenance services. It emphasizes the importance of scientific research in addressing economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainable development in the sector. The study revealed how technology has revolutionized the automobile industry and influenced various aspects of society, economy and the environment and significant achievements in recent time, with key technological innovations such as Hybrid Technology, Continuous Variable Transmission System, Dual Fuel System, Electronic Fuel system and Turbo Chargers, identified as outcomes of rigorous scientific inquiry and application. The study therefore, recommends expanding knowledge through systematic data collection, organization and analysis to deepen insights and drive continuous improvement in automotive research and development. Thus, advocating proactive approach in leveraging technology and scientific findings to enhance reliability, durability, performance and sustainability in today's automotive landscape
Scientific Research, Automobile Industry, Sustainable Development, Technological Advancements, Economic Growth, Innovation
EVALUATION OF THE NIGERIAN SERICULTURE INDUSTRY
This study evaluates the Nigerian sericulture industry with emphasis on its level of development, institutional support, challenges, and future prospects. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, employing a mixed-methods approach to generate both quantitative and qualitative data. Primary data were collected from 300 respondents drawn from six states (Kaduna, Enugu, Osun, Plateau, Borno, and Abia) using structured questionnaires and interviews. The respondents comprised sericulture farmers, extension agents, government officials, researchers, and cooperative members. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used, while data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tools.Findings reveal high awareness of sericulture (87%) among respondents; however, actual participation across the value chain remains low. Only 41.3% of respondents cultivated mulberry, 36.7% engaged in silkworm rearing, and just 18.7% were involved in silk processing, indicating weak value addition. Government support and extension services were perceived as inadequate, with over 70% of respondents expressing dissatisfaction with policy implementation and access to credit. Major constraints identified include lack of technical training, poor funding, absence of improved silkworm breeds, inadequate processing facilities, and weak extension services.Despite these challenges, the industry shows strong prospects, particularly in rural job creation, women empowerment, export promotion, and textile value addition. The study concludes that sericulture in Nigeria remains underdeveloped but possesses significant potential for economic diversification and rural development. It recommends increased government and private sector investment, targeted training programs, improved access to credit, revitalization of pilot farms, and establishment of processing centers and cooperative clusters to enhance sustainable growth of the industry.
Sericulture, labour-intensive, Evaluating Nigeria's, industrialised, Nigeria.
Emotional Intelligence and Academic Motivation of University Studentsin Asian Higher Education Institutions
This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic motivation among university students in Asian higher education institutions. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and 420 students were selected using a multistage sampling technique from three large public universities. The Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (EIQ) and the Academic Motivation Inventory (AMI) were administered, of which 402 copies were correctly completed and returned. Descriptive statistics were used to answer the research questions, while Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that students demonstrated high emotional intelligence across self-awareness, empathy, self-regulation, and relationship management indicators. Academic motivation was also found to be high, especially in intrinsic value and task engagement. The results further showed a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic motivation, indicating that students with higher emotional awareness and regulatory skills tend to sustain higher academic engagement. These findings align with existing literature suggesting that emotional competencies contribute to improved learning outcomes in Asian educational environments. The study concludes that emotional intelligence constitutes a crucial psychological factor influencing students’ academic motivation. Recommendations were made to university administrations, curriculum developers, and counseling units to incorporate emotional intelligence training into academic programs, strengthen motivational interventions, and provide psychological-support systems aimed at sustaining academic performance. The study reinforces the importance of emotional intelligence as a core competency for university students in the contemporary Asian learning context.
Emotional Intelligence, Academic Motivation, University Students, Selfawareness, Academic Engagement, Asian Higher Education.
The Impact of Digital Learning Tools on the Academic Performance ofSecondary School Students in Nigeria
This study examined the impact of digital learning tools on the academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria. The research adopted a descriptive survey design, targeting 300 students across three secondary schools in Lagos State. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Digital Learning Tools and Academic Performance Questionnaire (DLTAPQ), and analyzed using descriptive statistics for research questions and t-test for hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that digital learning tools positively influenced students’ comprehension, engagement, and overall academic performance. Research questions indicated that students frequently used digital learning tools, perceived them as effective, and experienced enhanced learning outcomes. Hypotheses testing showed significant differences in performance between students using digital tools and those who did not. The study concluded that integrating digital tools into teaching significantly enhances academic performance. Recommendations include government provision of digital resources, teacher training in digital pedagogy, and incorporation of e-learning platforms into curricula to optimize learning outcomes.
Digital Learning Tools, Academic Performance, Secondary School Students, Nigeria, E-Learning
Digital Technologies for Sustainability: Analyzing How AI and IoTImprove Energy Efficiency in Smart Cities
This study examined how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) contribute to energy efficiency within smart cities. The purpose was to determine the extent to which AI-enabled analytics and IoT-based sensing systems reduce energy waste, strengthen environmental sustainability, and enhance smart-city energy management practices. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and the study was conducted in MetroGreen City, a rapidly developing smart urban center. The population comprised 1,280 energy-sector workers, from which 310 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling. A structured instrument titled Digital Sustainability and Energy Efficiency Questionnaire (DSEEQ) was administered; 310 copies were distributed, and 297 were returned and found usable. Descriptive statistics answered the research questions, while chi-square tested the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that AI improves energyefficiency optimization through predictive analytics, automated load balancing, and fault detection. IoT devices significantly enhance real-time monitoring, consumption transparency, and automatic responses to energy variations. Combined AI-IoT integration provides the strongest sustainability outcome, improving demand-side management and reducing overall energy losses. The study concluded that digital technologies remain indispensable for smart-city energy transformation. Recommendations were made to city administrators, energy agencies, and policymakers to expand investments in AI-driven energy systems, implement city-wide IoT sensor networks, and strengthen digital-skills capacity among urban energy personnel. The study contributes to sustainability discourse by offering empirical evidence on how emerging technologies transform urban energy systems.
Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Energy Efficiency, Smart Cities, Digital Sustainability.
Measuring the Influence of Sustainable Agriculture Techniques on FoodSecurity and Soil Health
This study investigated the influence of sustainable agriculture techniques on food security and soil health in smallholder farming communities. The research was motivated by declining soil fertility, climate variability, low productivity, and the rapid degradation of arable land. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and 250 respondents were selected from five agrarian districts using multistage sampling. The “Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security Questionnaire (SAFSQ)” was administered; 250 copies were distributed and 233 were returned and found usable. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for the research questions and chi-square tests for the hypotheses. Results showed that sustainable agriculture practices—including crop rotation, organic amendments, mulching, and conservation tillage—positively influenced household food availability, accessibility, and stability. Findings further revealed that sustainable soil management significantly improved soil nutrient content, water retention, and long-term soil productivity. Each of the three hypotheses tested at the 0.05 significance level was rejected, indicating statistically significant relationships between sustainable agriculture adoption and the key study variables. These findings align with earlier studies that emphasized the crucial role of sustainable methods in combating food insecurity and soil degradation. The study concluded that sustainable agricultural techniques remain strategic tools for enhancing soil resilience, boosting crop yields, and strengthening food security systems. Recommendations were directed to farmers, policymakers, agricultural extension systems, and environmental agencies to intensify awareness, capacity-building programs, provision of subsidies, and rural-level monitoring to promote widespread use of eco-friendly farming approaches
Sustainable agriculture, soil health, food security, conservation farming, ecological management.
Evaluating the Impact of Circular Economy Practices on ReducingPlastic Waste in Urban Developing Regions
This study evaluated the impact of circular economy practices on reducing plastic waste in urban developing regions. The increasing accumulation of plastic waste in rapidly urbanizing environments has intensified environmental degradation, public health risks, and economic inefficiencies. A descriptive survey research design was employed, using a structured instrument titled Circular Economy and Plastic Waste Reduction Questionnaire (CE-PWRQ). A total population of 580 wastemanagement stakeholders was identified from three metropolitan councils, out of which a sample of 234 respondents was selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Of the 234 questionnaires administered, 219 were correctly completed and returned. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square hypotheses testing at the 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that circular economy strategies—particularly recycling, reuse initiatives, product redesign, and community-based material recovery systems—significantly influenced plastic waste minimization. Respondents overwhelmingly agreed that increasing public participation in recycling programs, promoting producer responsibility policies, and integrating innovative plastic-to-resource technologies strengthen sustainable waste reduction outcomes. All three hypotheses were rejected, indicating statistically significant relationships between circular economy practices and plastic waste reduction indicators. The study concludes that circular economy adoption remains crucial for mitigating plastic pollution in urban developing regions, although the current implementation level is inadequate. It recommends stronger government–private sector collaboration, enhanced community sensitization, extended producer responsibility enforcement, investment in recycling infrastructure, and integration of circular principles into urban environmental policies. These measures will improve environmental health, socioeconomic development, and long-term sustainability in developing urban regions.
Circular economy, Plastic waste, Urban developing regions, Recycling, Sustainability, Waste management.
Sustainable Water Resource Management: A Comparative Analysis ofCommunity-Led and Government-Driven Approaches
This study examined sustainable water resource management by comparing community-led and government-driven approaches. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 289 respondents across three districts using the Water Management Assessment Questionnaire (WMAQ). The study population consisted of 1,240 water users, from which a sample of 302 was drawn using Taro Yamane’s formula. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for research questions and t-test and correlation techniques for hypotheses testing. Findings revealed that community-led water management systems recorded higher community participation and slightly better water service reliability and accessibility compared with government-driven systems. Governance challenges—including funding constraints, inconsistent policy implementation, and decision-making delays—were found to significantly affect sustainability outcomes across both systems. Hypotheses testing confirmed significant differences in participation and service reliability across the two approaches and established a strong positive relationship between governance challenges and sustainability. The study concludes that while community-led models outperform government-driven systems in participation and responsiveness, both require improved governance structures to enhance long-term sustainability. Recommendations include greater community involvement in governmental planning processes, capacity-building for community committees, adoption of hybrid governance models, targeted NGO support, and improved funding mechanisms. The study contributes to water governance research by offering empirical evidence that integrates community participation, reliability, and governance dimensions.
Sustainable water management, community-led systems, government-driven systems, governance challenges, participation, reliability
Assessing Renewable Energy Adoption Barriers Among Small andMedium Enterprises (SMEs) in Emerging Economies
This study examined the barriers influencing renewable energy (RE) adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies. The study employed a descriptive survey research design using a structured questionnaire titled Renewable Energy Adoption Barriers Questionnaire (REABQ) administered to 420 SMEs selected through stratified random sampling. Out of 420 distributed questionnaires, 398 were duly completed and returned, representing a 94.76% response rate. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for the research questions and chisquare tests for the hypotheses. Findings revealed that financial constraints, limited technical knowledge, and institutional challenges were significant barriers to renewable energy adoption. Descriptive statistics showed high levels of agreement on issues related to high upfront costs, inadequate financing schemes, lack of skilled personnel, and unreliable government policy support. Hypotheses testing confirmed significant relationships between financial barriers, technical expertise, institutional frameworks and the level of renewable energy adoption among SMEs. The study concluded that although SMEs recognize the benefits of renewable energy, various structural and operational barriers impede adoption. The study recommends that governments enhance policy stability, financial institutions develop SME-friendly renewable energy credit schemes, and SMEs increase staff training on renewable technologies. Collaboration between private RE providers and SME associations is also recommended to reduce knowledge gaps and enhance awareness. The study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, development agencies, and SME support organizations seeking to promote sustainable energy transitions in emerging economies.
Renewable Energy, SMEs, Barriers, Emerging Economies, Adoption, Sustainability, Energy Policy.