Abstract

Fluctuations in monthly mean sunshine value is critical for agricultural productivity and climate change. It helps farmers to plan crop cycles and solar energy projects by adjusting their expectations and operations based on evolving sunshine trends. Monitoring these trends contributes to a more comprehensive grasp of microclimate dynamics, aiding policymakers and environmental planners in making informed decisions. In this study, a decadelong analysis of sunshine value and wind speed over Makurdi underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and highlighted subtle shifts that, while gradual, could signal broader climatic changes that could impact the environment and economy. Consequently, analysis from the study reveals that sunshine values and wind speed in Makurdi are intricately linked, often influencing each other in predictable manner. Accordingly, periods of increased sunshine tend to coincide with specific wind speed fluctuations, largely due to the way solar heating affects atmospheric pressure and air movement in Makurdi. Also, during sunnier months, enhanced surface heating led to stronger thermal gradients, which in turn drove the development of breezier conditions as air moved from high-pressure to low-pressure zones. Conversely, during months with lower sunshine averages, wind speeds often decrease, reflecting more stable atmospheric conditions. By examining monthly mean sunshine hours alongside corresponding wind speed data, Makurdi identified distinct seasonal patterns where sunshine intensity and wind behavior exhibit either positive or negative correlations. These findings are crucial for agricultural planning, renewable energy development, and weather forecasting as they highlight how shifts in solar exposure can directly impact local wind patterns.