Abstract

This paper explores the transformative potential of genetic engineering in addressing key agricultural challenges in Nigeria, including low productivity, pest infestation, climate change, and malnutrition. It provides a comprehensive overview of the concepts and techniques of genetic engineering such as CRISPR, recombinant DNA, and gene silencing and their applications in crop improvement. The study examines Nigeria’s current regulatory framework, key institutions, and the status of genetically engineered crops like Bt cowpea and biofortified cassava. It also highlights the significant benefits of genetic engineering, such as increased yields, reduced pesticide use, climate resilience, and improved nutrition. However, challenges such as regulatory barriers, public skepticism, environmental risks, and inequitable access persist. The study concludes with actionable policy recommendations aimed at strengthening biosafety regulations, improving public engagement, and promoting inclusive innovation to ensure genetic engineering contributes meaningfully to Nigeria’s food security and agricultural sustainability.