TECHNIQUES OF EDUCATIONAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

This study examines key techniques of educational analysis including Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA), Planning, Programming and Budgeting System (PPBS), Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) with the aim of highlighting their relevance to educational planning, policy formulation, and resource allocation. The study adopts a qualitative and analytical research design, relying primarily on an extensive review of contemporary literature, policy documents, and empirical studies in educational economics, planning, and public sector management. Through systematic content analysis, the study synthesises theoretical perspectives and practical applications of each technique, identifying their core principles, methodological approaches, strengths, and limitations. The methodology involves comparative analysis to examine similarities and differences among the techniques, as well as contextual assessment to determine their situational suitability within educational systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding how each technique supports rational decisionmaking under conditions of limited resources, increasing accountability demands, and complex educational challenges. Rather than generating primary data, the study draws on established scholarly and institutional sources to ensure analytical depth, reliability, and relevance. The findings indicate that no single technique is sufficient for addressing all educational planning and management needs. Instead, the combined and context-sensitive application of multiple analytical tools enhances efficiency, transparency, and effectiveness in educational decision-making. The study contributes to existing knowledge by providing an integrated framework for understanding and applying educational analysis techniques, with practical implications for policymakers, administrators, and researchers seeking to strengthen evidencebased governance in education